This note accompanies the case, "mPharma: Scaling Access to Affordable Primary Care in Africa." This note discusses healthcare in Ghana as background to the mPharma case 323-033 that discusses mPharma's make-or-break strategic decisions. This note's coverage of the Ghanaian healthcare system ranges from how care and drugs are delivered and funded to the role of the government in regulating this industry. This note is suitable for any course involving healthcare delivery, the pharmaceutical industry, and healthcare in Africa. The accompanying case is also suitable both as a general business case for undergraduate and MBA students of any level and as a case for courses focused on strategy, entrepreneurship, the healthcare industry, social entrepreneurship, and African businesses. mPharma, headquartered in Ghana, has operations in nine African countries.