The case profiles the development of cluster-based economic development activities in Catalonia, one of Spain's most prosperous region's, over the last thirty years. It describes the evolution of these activities between 1990 and 2022 and puts these changes into the context of the broader evolution of Catalonia's economy. The case is targeted at students that want to understand the nature of cluster-based economic policies, either from the perspective of policy makers or of business leaders faced with such efforts. It is relevant for a broader set of location-based sectoral industrial policies, a tool that has recently gained significant new traction . These policies aim to enhance the competitiveness of specific sectors in distinct locations and are implemented through public-private collaborations.